Biomarker: SST

Biomarker subtype: DNA

Clinical application: diagnosis(non-invasive detection)

Histology type: endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Country: The Netherlands

Region: Amsterdam

Cohort age: 40-86

Sample type : urine

Clinical method: quantitative methylation specifc PCR (qMSP)

Expression pattern : increased methylation levels

Expression elevation: The correlation between Cq ratios of each DNA methylation marker between paired urine fractions of both patients and controls was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Correlation coefficient r was defined as moderate (r?=?0.40–0.59), strong (r?=?0.60–0.79), or very strong (r?=?0.80–1.00).

Statictics: Range

Cohort age: 40-86

Description: All DNA methylation markers showed increased methylation levels in patients as compared to controls, in all urine fractions. The highest diagnostic potential for endometrial cancer detection in urine was found in full void urine, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values ranging from 0.86 to 0.95

Expression figure legend: DNA methylation levels of GHSR, SST, and ZIC1 in full void urine, urine sediment and urine supernatant from healthy female controls and women with endometrial cancer (EC)

Expression figure link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7640380/figure/Fig1/

Approved symbol: SST

Approved name: somatostatin

Locus type: gene with protein product

HGNC ID: HGNC:11329

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:11329

Symbol status: Approved

Alias symbols: SMST SST1

Subgroup: Receptor ligands

OMIM: 182450

Omim link: https://www.omim.org/entry/182450

NCBI name: 6750

NCBI link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6750

Summary: The hormone somatostatin has active 14 aa and 28 aa forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Expression: Biased expression in stomach (RPKM 141.6), duodenum (RPKM 136.3) and 5 other tissues

NCBI gene expression https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6750#gene-expression

PDB ID: P61278

PDB link: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/search/index/?searchParams=%7B%22q_uniprot%22:%5B%7B%22value%22:%22(P61278)%22,%22condition1%22:%22AND%22,%22condition2%22:%22Contains%22%7D%5D,%22resultState%22:%7B%22tabIndex%22:0,%22paginationIndex%22:1,%22perPage%22:%2210%22,%22sortBy%22:%22Sort%20by%22%7D%7D

Source description: WP | HPA

Term ID: WP:WP4194 | HPA:0260153| HPA:0260152|HPA:0260151| HPA:0260143

Term name: Hormonal control of pubertal growth spurt |hypothalamus; synapses[High]| hypothalamus; synapses[≥Medium]| hypothalamus; synapses[≥Low]| hypothalamus; neuronal projections[High]