Biomarker: serine

Histology type: endometrial carcinoma

Stage: risk

Country: ten European countries

Region: EPIC study

Study type: Observational Study

Followed up time :

Cohort statistics: Average

Description: These findings suggest that variation in levels of serine may represent specific pathways linked to endometrial cancer development. If causal, these pathways may offer novel targets for endometrial cancer prevention.

Sample type : serum

Sample method: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

Subgroup 1 age: 63.0±7.9

Expression figure legend: Odds ratios (ORs) and P-values for the associations between metabolites and risk of endometrial cancer in (A) unadjusted models (B) BMI-adjusted models&Odds ratios (ORs) and P-values for the associations between metabolite ratios and risk of endometrial cancer in (A) unadjusted models (B) BMI-adjusted models.

Expression figure link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8336647/figure/f0005/$ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8336647/figure/f0010/

Status: Detected and Quantified

HMDB ID: HMDB0000187

Secondary accession numbers: HMDB0000589 HMDB00187 HMDB00589 HMDB0062263 HMDB62263

Common name: L-Serine

Description: Serine (Ser) or L-serine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-serine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Serine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans, serine is a nonessential amino acid that can be easily derived from glycine. A non-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. Like all the amino acid building blocks of protein and peptides, serine can become essential under certain conditions, and is thus important in maintaining health and preventing disease. L-Serine may be derived from four possible sources: dietary intake; biosynthesis from the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate; from glycine; and by protein and phospholipid degradation. Little data is available on the relative contributions of each of these four sources of l-serine to serine homoeostasis. It is very likely that the predominant source of l-serine will be very different in different tissues and during different stages of human development. In the biosynthetic pathway, the glycolytic intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate is converted into phosphohydroxypyruvate, in a reaction catalyzed by 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (3- PGDH; EC 1.1.1.95). Phosphohydroxypyruvate is metabolized to phosphoserine by phosphohydroxypyruvate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.52) and, finally, phosphoserine is converted into l-serine by phosphoserine phosphatase (PSP; EC 3.1.3.3). In liver tissue, the serine biosynthetic pathway is regulated in response to dietary and hormonal changes. Of the three synthetic enzymes, the properties of 3-PGDH and PSP are the best documented. Hormonal factors such as glucagon and corticosteroids also influence 3-PGDH and PSP activities in interactions dependent upon the diet. L-serine is the predominant source of one-carbon groups for the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides and deoxythymidine monophosphate. It has long been recognized that, in cell cultures, L-serine is a conditional essential amino acid, because it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities to meet the cellular demands for its utilization. In recent years, L-serine and the products of its metabolism have been recognized not only to be essential for cell proliferation, but also to be necessary for specific functions in the central nervous system. The findings of altered levels of serine and glycine in patients with psychiatric disorders and the severe neurological abnormalities in patients with defects of L-serine synthesis underscore the importance of L-serine in brain development and function. (PMID 12534373 ).

Chemical formula: C3H7NO3

Chemical taxonomy description: Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as serine and derivatives. Serine and derivatives are compounds containing serine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.

Chemical taxonomy kingdom: Organic compounds

Chemical taxonomy super class: Organic acids and derivatives 

Chemical taxonomy class: Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Chemical taxonomy sub class: Amino acids, peptides, and analogues

Direct parent: Serine and derivatives

Alternative parents: L-alpha-amino acids Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives Amino acids Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives Carboxylic acids Primary alcohols Organopnictogen compounds Organic oxides Monoalkylamines Hydrocarbon derivatives Carbonyl compounds

Substituents: Serine or derivatives Alpha-amino acid L-alpha-amino acid Beta-hydroxy acid Hydroxy acid Amino acid Carboxylic acid Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives Alcohol Primary amine Primary alcohol Organooxygen compound Organonitrogen compound Hydrocarbon derivative Primary aliphatic amine Organic oxide Organopnictogen compound Carbonyl group Organic oxygen compound Amine Organic nitrogen compound Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular framework: Aliphatic acyclic compounds

Physiological effect: Genetic disorder Any disorder which has a direct genetic cause Inborn errors of metabolism 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency Fabry disease Glycine n-methyltransferase deficiency Homocystinuria (PMID: 8745393 , PMID: 27207470 , PMID: 27294788 , +5 More ) Krabbe disease Methionine adenosyltransferase deficiency (PMID: 8745393 , PMID: 27207470 , PMID: 27294788 , +6 More ) Sarcosinemia (PMID: 24341803 , PMID: 17436247 , PMID: 8739971 , +49 More ) Circulatory system disorder Blood and lymphatic system disorder Hyperglycinemia Hypermethioninemia (PMID: 15024124 , PMID: 8745393 , PMID: 27207470 , +6 More ) Leukocytic disorder Leukemia (PMID: 9464484 , PMID: 9464484 , PMID: 27912044 , +25 More ) Cardiac disorder Heart failure - Concentration is elevated compared to control group (PMID: 11897434 , PMID: 11897434 , PMID: 22800120 , +40 More ) Metabolic disorder Obesity (PMID: 4434100 , PMID: 1481808 , PMID: 2044610 , +66 More ) Digestive system disorder Gastrointestinal disorder Lower GI Disorder Colorectal cancer (PMID: 25037050 , PMID: 24023812 , PMID: 6321058 , +145 More ) Upper GI Disorder Eosinophilic esophagitis (PMID: 17334708 , PMID: 32966057 , PMID: 22623390 , +128 More ) Nervous system disorder Central nervous system disorder Psychiatric disorder (PMID: 11739473 , PMID: 22944140 , PMID: 16959481 , +6 More ) Schizophrenia - Concentration is elevated compared to control group (PMID: 21359215 , PMID: 22800120 , PMID: 18953024 , +217 More ) Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 23857558 , PMID: 22308371 , PMID: 23857558 , +173 More )

Disposition: Biological location Cellular substructure Cytoplasm:Extracellular Organelle:Peroxisome Non-excretory biofluid:Blood,Saliva Excreta:Feces,Sweat,Urine Organ:Placenta,Prostate

Source Fruits,Pulses,Vegetables,Aquatic foods,Herbs and spices,Cereals and cereal products,Nuts,

Associated disorders diseases: 606904 (Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy) 104300 (Alzheimer's disease) 181500 (Schizophrenia) 211980 (Lung Cancer) 268900 (Sarcosinemia) 606812 (Fumarase deficiency) 601665 (Obesity) 256520 (Neu-Laxova Syndrome 1) 610992 (Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Deficiency) 614023 (Phosphoserine Phosphatase Deficiency) 601815 (3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase deficiency) 114500 (Colorectal cancer) 209850 (Autism) 266600 (Crohn's disease) 260350 (Pancreatic cancer) 170650 (Periodontal disease) 600274 (Frontotemporal dementia) 601313 (Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease) 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)

KEGG compound ID: C00065

CPD link: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C00065

Process: Ammonia recycling Glycine and serine metabolism Homocysteine degradation Methionine metabolism Phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis Selenoamino acid metabolism Sphingolipid metabolism

HMDB link: https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000187