Biomarker: hydroxyhexadecenoylcarnitine

Histology type: endometrioid endometrial carcinoma

Country: Slovenia

Region: Maribor

Study type: prospective study

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 number: endometrial cancer

Subgroup 2 name : no malignancie

Subgroup 1 number: 15

Subgroup 2 number: 21

Cohort statistics: Mean (SD)

Description: Hydroxyhexadecenoylcarnitine identifieidentified as potential diagnostic biomarkers for ECd as potential diagnostic biomarkers for EC. Additionally, these identified metabolites may provide additional insight into cancer cell metabolism.

Sample type : serum

Sample method: HPLC-TQ/MS

Subgroup 1 age: 64±14

Subgroup 2 age: 54±19

Expression figure legend: ROC curves and boxplot representations for 4 top performing biomarkers as analyzed by univariate analysis.

Expression figure link: https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1896112620300456-gr4_lrg.jpg

Status: Detected and Quantified

HMDB ID: HMDB0004949

Secondary accession numbers: HMDB0000790 HMDB00790 HMDB04949

Common name: Cer(d18:1/16:0)

Description: Cer(d18:1/16:0), also known as N-hexadecanoyl-sphing-4-enine, is a ceramide (Cer). Ceramides are members of the class of compounds known as sphingolipids (SPs), or glycosylceramides. SPs are lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases (e.g. sphingosine or sphinganine) that are often covalently bound to a fatty acid derivative through N-acylation. SPs are found in cell membranes, particularly in peripheral nerve cells and the cells found in the central nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord). Sphingolipids are extremely versatile molecules that have functions controlling fundamental cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, and cell death. Impairments associated with sphingolipid metabolism are associated with many common human diseases such as diabetes, various cancers, microbial infections, diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological syndromes. The biosynthesis and catabolism of sphingolipids involves a large number of intermediate metabolites where many different enzymes are involved. Simple sphingolipids, which include the sphingoid bases and ceramides, make up the early products of the sphingolipid synthetic pathways, while complex sphingolipids may be formed by the addition of head groups to the ceramide template (Wikipedia). In humans, ceramides are phosphorylated to ceramide phosphates (CerPs) through the action of a specific ceramide kinase (CerK). Ceramide phosphates are important metabolites of ceramides as they act as a mediators of the inflammatory response. Ceramides are also one of the hydrolysis byproducts of sphingomyelins (SMs) through the action of the enzyme sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, which has been identified in the subcellular fractions of human epidermis (PMID: 25935 ) and many other tissues. Ceramides can also be synthesized from serine and palmitate in a de novo pathway and are regarded as important cellular signals for inducing apoptosis (PMID: 14998372 ). Ceramides are key in the biosynthesis of glycosphingolipids and gangliosides. In terms of its appearance and structure, Cer(d18:1/16:0) is a colorless solid that consists of an unsaturated 18-carbon sphingoid base with an attached saturated hexadecanoyl fatty acid side chain. In most mammalian SPs, the 18-carbon sphingoid bases are predominant (PMID: 9759481 ).

Chemical formula: C34H67NO3

Chemical taxonomy description: Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain ceramides. These are ceramides bearing a long chain fatty acid.

Chemical taxonomy kingdom: Organic compounds

Chemical taxonomy super class: Lipids and lipid-like molecules

Chemical taxonomy class: Sphingolipids

Chemical taxonomy sub class: Ceramides

Direct parent: Long-chain ceramides

Alternative parents: N-acyl amines Secondary carboxylic acid amides Secondary alcohols Primary alcohols Organopnictogen compounds Organonitrogen compounds Organic oxides Hydrocarbon derivatives Carbonyl compounds

Substituents: Long-chain ceramide Fatty amide N-acyl-amine Fatty acyl Carboxamide group Secondary alcohol Secondary carboxylic acid amide Carboxylic acid derivative Primary alcohol Organooxygen compound Organonitrogen compound Organic oxide Organopnictogen compound Organic oxygen compound Alcohol Organic nitrogen compound Carbonyl group Hydrocarbon derivative Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular framework: Aliphatic acyclic compounds

Disposition: Biological location Cellular substructure:Extracellular Non-excretory biofluid:Blood Excreta: Feces, Urine Organ: Brain, Intestine, Kidney,Liver, Pancreas, Placenta, Spleen,Gland Thyroid gland Tissue: Epithelium(Epidermis) Muscle tissue: (Skeletal muscle) Cell:Neuron,Hematocyte,Platelet

Associated disorders diseases: Ovarian cancer [PubMed:26573008 ]Colorectal cancer[PubMed:27275383 ]

KEGG compound ID: C00195

CPD link: https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?cpd:C00195

HMDB link: https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0004949

PubChem CID: 2498

PubChem CID link: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/C16-Ceramide