Biomarker: h-caldesmon

Histology type: endometrial stromal tumor

Country: China

Region: Xinjiang

Study type: retrospective study

Followed up time :

Subgroup 1 name : endometrial stromal tumor

Subgroup 1 number: 30

Subgroup 2 name: cellular leiomyoma

Subgroup 2 number: 33

Conclusion: IFITM1, CD10, SMA, and h-caldesmon are a good combination for the differential diagnosis of EST and CL.

Sample type : tissue

Sample method: immunohistochemical staining

Expression pattern : expression

Expression elevation: The extent of staining was evaluated as 0%, 0–25%, 26–50%, 51–75%, and 76–100%, and the intensity of staining as absent (0), weak (1+), moderate (2+), and strong (3+). When a different staining evaluation was used, the higher intensity score was used as the final score. The staining score was obtained by multiplying percentage with intensity and this score was used for our statistics analysis.

Statictics: Median;Range

Subgroup 1 age: 49.5 ;(27–73)

Subgroup 2 age: 41 ;(26–60)

Funtion Uniprot: Actin- and myosin-binding protein implicated in the regulation of actomyosin interactions in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells (could act as a bridge between myosin and actin filaments). Stimulates actin binding of tropomyosin which increases the stabilization of actin filament structure. In muscle tissues, inhibits the actomyosin ATPase by binding to F-actin. This inhibition is attenuated by calcium-calmodulin and is potentiated by tropomyosin. Interacts with actin, myosin, two molecules of tropomyosin and with calmodulin. Also plays an essential role during cellular mitosis and receptor capping. Involved in Schwann cell migration during peripheral nerve regeneration (By similarity).

UniProt ID: Q05682

UniProt Link: https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q05682/entry#function

Molecular function from UniProt:

Tissue specificity from UniProt: High-molecular-weight caldesmon (isoform 1) is predominantly expressed in smooth muscles, whereas low-molecular-weight caldesmon (isoforms 2, 3, 4 and 5) are widely distributed in non-muscle tissues and cells. Not expressed in skeletal muscle or heart.

Subcellular UniProt: #Cytoplasm #Cytoskeleton

Recommended name: Caldesmon

Gene name from HGNC: CALD1 (CDM, H-CAD, L-CAD)

HPA class: Plasma proteins

AlphaFold DB: Q05682

AlphaFold Link: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/entry/Q05682

HPA link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122786-CALD1

Tissue specificity RNA from HPA: Tissue enhanced (intestine)

Tissue expression from HPA: Cytoplasmic expression most abundant in smooth muscle.

Single cell type specificity Cell type enhanced (Smooth muscle cells, Sertoli cells, Peritubular cells, Leydig cells, Endometrial stromal cells)

Immune cell specificity: Immune cell enriched (neutrophil)

Subcellular summary HPA Located in Plasma membrane, Actin filaments (Single cell variability, CCD Protein)

Cancer prognostic summary HPA Prognostic marker in renal cancer (unfavorable) and melanoma (unfavorable)

Pathology link: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122786-CALD1/pathology

Pathology endo: https://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000122786-CALD1/pathology/endometrial+cancer

OMIM: 114213

OMIM link2: https://www.omim.org/entry/114213

HGNC ID: HGNC:1441

HGNC link: https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:1441